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More articles from Infantools
Oxygen Therapy
We should attempt to maintain normoxemic oxygenation in order to prevent hypoxic injury (mainly in the cerebral tissue). On the other hand, oxygen should be carefully titrated to newborns, especially preterm, due to the negative effects associated with its overuse (reactive oxygen species = ROS). Hyperoxia induces the production of oxygen radicals that subsequently trigger…
Retinopathy of prematurity
Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a vasoproliferative disorder (fibrovascular proliferation) of developing retina in preterm infants. It is characterised by disorganized growth of abnormal new blood vessels (=> hemorrhage) and fibrous tissue ( => contracted scar tissue causing retinal detachment). Incidence of ROP is inversely proportional to the gestational age (general ROP screening…
Necrotizing enterocolitis
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) belongs to acute abdomen events (inflammatory subgroup). It is typical disease of extreme prematurity – incidence is inversely proportional to advancing gestational age (1-5% of newborns admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit). Mortality associated with NEC varies between 20-50%. Multifactorial basis of NEC makes it difficult to pinpoint single…
Apnea
Apneas represent another important group of respiratory/ventilation dysfunctions in newborns (apart from perinatal asphyxia and respiratory distress syndrome). They are generally defined as a cessation of breathing movements and air flow for more than 20 seconds, thus often being accompanied by desaturation and bradycardia. Spontaneous breathing causes water in lungs to be resorbed into blood and…
Glucose Infusion Rate
Glucose Infusion Rate (GIR) is the speed at which intravenous glucose is given to a newborn to treat hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) – standard starting target = 4-6 mg/kg/min.
Persistent ductus arteriosus
Persistent ductus arteriosus (PDA) connects aorta with main pulmonary artery (MPA) (or left pulmonary artery – LPA) and during fetal life serves as important right-left shunt => mixed blood flowing from the pulmonary artery to the descendant aorta and supplying the lower half of the body. PDA prenatally remains open due to low partial pressure…
